If a CDO field element contains an edit string, CDO performs an
automatic translation of the CDO edit string characters for the
following languages that support edit strings:
o COBOL
o DATATRIEVE
o PL/I
o RPG
Translation of CDO Edit Strings for Languages and Products shows
how CDO translates edit string characters for COBOL picture
clause characters, DIGITAL DATATRIEVE edit string characters,
PL/I picture clause characters, and RPG edit word characters.
The following four symbols are used in Translation of CDO Edit
Strings for Languages and Products:
o <n>-Not supported; if the CDO character appears in a CDO edit
string, no picture clause or edit string is generated for the
language.
o <i>-Ignored; the CDO character is ignored for the language.
However, if the CDO character appears in an edit string with
other characters that can be translated, CDO will perform the
appropriate translation for the other edit string characters.
o <pc>-The CDO character has the same value as the previous
character in the edit string.
o <**>-Characters appearing after the CDO character in the edit
string are not translated for the language.
Table 6-1 Translation of CDO Edit Strings for Languages and
Products
CDO RPG
Character Character COBOL DTR PL/I EDIT
Type or String PICTURE EDIT PICTURE WORD
Alphabetic A A A <n> <n>
Alphanumeric T X T <n> <n>
X X X <n> <n>
Comma , , , , ,
Date, Day, D <n> D <n> <n>
and Time
H <n> <i> <n> <n>
J <n> J <n> <n>
M <n> M <n> <n>
N <n> N <n> <n>
P <n> <i> <n> <n>
Q <n> <i> <n> <n>
R <n> <i> <n> <n>
W <n> W <n> <n>
Y <n> Y <n> <n>
% <n> <i> <n> <n>
* <n> <i> <n> <n>
Decimal . . . . .
point
Digit F <n> <n> <n> <n>
7 <n> <n> <n> <n>
9 9 9 9 blank
Encoded C -9 -9 R <n>
sign
G +9 +9 T <n>
K +9 +9 I <n>
Exponent E <n> E <n> <n>
Floating S + + S -
Z"string" See See See See
the the the the
Floating_ Floating_ Floating_ Floating_
Character Character Character Character
help help help help
topic. topic. topic. topic.
- - - - -
+ + + + blank
$ $ $ $ $
\ <pc> <pc> <pc> <pc>
Literal "string" See the See the See the See the
Literal_ Literal_ Literal_ Literal_
Characters Characters Characters Characters
help help help help
topic. topic. topic. topic.
Logical B 9 9 9 blank
Lowercase L <i> <i> <i> <n>
Minus &"string" See the See the See the See the
literal Minus_ Minus_ Minus_ Minus_
Literal_ Literal_ Literal_ Literal_
Character Character Character Character
help help help help
topic. topic. topic. topic.
Minus (( )) - (( )) - -
parentheses
Missing ? <i><**> ? <i><**> <i><**>
separator
Repeat x(n) x(n) x(n) (n)x x
count repeats
n times.
Uppercase U <i> <i> <i> <n>
1 – Alphabetic Character
The edit string character A (uppercase letter A) is replaced
by an alphabetic character from the field's content. The action
taken when a character in the field is not alphabetic is language
dependent. See the documentation for each language to determine
the action taken when a digit or nonalphabetic character occurs.
CDO Edit AAAA
String:
DTR Edit AAAA
String:
Field Value: WXYZ
Edited WXYZ
Value:
You can use the repeat count edit string character to indicate
that you want to repeat the edit string character A a certain
number of times. The following two edit strings are equivalent:
AAAA
A(4)
2 – Alphanumeric Character
The two alphanumeric edit string characters are T and X.
2.1 – T Long Text Character
The edit string character T (uppercase letter T) allows you to
display any characters from a field's content on one or more
lines. The primary use of the T edit string is to print fields
containing large amounts of text. The number of Ts in the edit
string indicates the maximum number of characters to be printed
on one line. For example, the edit string TTTTT indicates that a
line of output will contain no more than five characters.
If the field contains more characters than specified in the
edit string, DIGITAL DATATRIEVE prints as many full words on
the line as possible. (A word in this sense is a string of
characters delimited by a space.) DIGITAL DATATRIEVE then prints
the remaining characters on the following lines, if necessary.
DIGITAL DATATRIEVE does not print out trailing spaces when you
use a T edit string.
DIGITAL DATATRIEVE prints only full words. It does not divide
words unless a single word is longer than the maximum number of
characters specified by the edit string. In that case, DIGITAL
DATATRIEVE truncates some characters and prints them on the next
line.
CDO Edit TTTTT
String:
DTR Edit TTTTT
String:
Field value: 1234567890
Edited 12345
Value: 67890
You can use the repeat count edit string character to indicate
that you want to repeat the edit string character T a certain
number of times. The following two edit strings are equivalent:
TTTTT
T(5)
2.2 – X Any Character
The edit string character X (uppercase letter X) displays any
character from the field's content.
CDO Edit XXXXXXXXXX
String:
DTR Edit XXXXXXXXXX
String:
Field Value: fj32dj%^*I
Edited fj32dj%^*I
Value:
You can use the repeat count edit string character to indicate
that you want to repeat the edit string character X a certain
number of times. The following two edit strings are equivalent:
XXXXXXXXXX
X(10)
3 – Comma Character
In fields with nonnumeric values, the edit string , character (a
comma) inserts a comma into the edited value.
In fields with numeric values, the edit string comma character
inserts a comma or suppresses a leading zero in the edited value.
The following example shows how the comma character is inserted
into the edited value when the edit string has a nonnumeric
value.
CDO Edit AA,AA
String:
DTR Edit AA,AA
String:
Field Value: ohno
Edited oh,no
Value:
The following example shows how a comma character in a CDO edit
string causes a comma to be inserted in the edited value.
CDO Edit $$,$$9.99
String:
DTR Edit $$,$$9.99
String:
Field Value: 1234.56
Edited $1,234.56
Value:
The following example shows what happens when a comma character
is included in an edit string with numeric values, but the comma
is not required in the edited value:
CDO Edit $$,$$9.99
String:
DTR Edit $$,$$9.99
String:
Field Value: 12.34
Edited $12.34
Value:
4 – Date Day and Time Characters
The edit string characters described in this section are used
to specify the output format of fields containing date, day, and
time information. See Literal_Characters for an explanation of
how products and languages handle characters enclosed by double
quotation marks in CDO edit strings.
4.1 – D Day Number Character
The edit string character D (uppercase letter D) displays a digit
of the day within a month. You should repeat this character twice
within an edit string.
CDO Edit NN"/"DD"/"YYYY
String:
DTR Edit NN/DD/YYYY
String:
Field Value: May 4, 1996
Edited 05/04/1996
Value:
4.2 – H Twelve-Hour Mode Character
The edit string character H (uppercase letter H) displays one
digit of the hour, in 12-hour mode, in the edited value. You
should repeat this character twice within an edit string.
Do not use this character in edit strings containing the R (24-
hour mode) character.
CDO Edit HH":"PP" "%%
String:
Field Value: 11:30 a.m.
Edited 11:30 AM
Value:
4.3 – J Julian Digit Character
The edit string character J (uppercase letter J) displays a digit
of the Julian date in the edited value. You should repeat this
character three times within an edit string.
CDO Edit YYYY"/"JJJ
String:
DTR Edit YYYY/JJJ
String:
Field Value: June 4, 1980
Edited 1980/156
Value:
4.4 – M Month Name Character
The edit string character M (uppercase letter M) displays a
letter of the month name in the edited value.
CDO Edit MMM" "DD" "YYYY
String:
DTR Edit MMMBDDBYYYY
String:
Field Value: May 4, 1980
Edited MAY 04 1980
Value:
In the following example, the CDO edit string contains five M
characters. If the month name in the field value contains more
than five characters, only the first five characters of the month
name are displayed in the edited value.
CDO Edit MMMMM" "DD" "YYYY
String:
DTR Edit MMMMMBDDBYYYY
String:
Field Value: December 4, 1987
Edited DECEM 04 1987
Value:
If the month name in the field value contains fewer than five
characters, trailing blanks are displayed after the month name in
the edited value.
CDO Edit MMMMM" "DD" "YYYY
String:
DTR Edit MMMMMBDDBYYYY
String:
Field Value: May 4, 1980
Edited MAY 04 1980
Value:
4.5 – N Month Number Character
The edit string character N (uppercase letter N) displays a
digit for the number of the month in the edited value. You should
repeat this character twice within an edit string.
CDO Edit NN"/"DD"/"YYYY
String:
DTR Edit NN/DD/YYYY
String:
Field Value: May 4, 1985
Edited 05/04/1985
Value:
4.6 – P Minute Character
The edit string character P (uppercase letter P) displays one
digit for the number of minutes in a time value in the edited
field. You should repeat this character twice within an edit
string.
CDO Edit HH":"PP" "%%
String:
Field Value: 11:30 a.m.
Edited 11:30 AM
Value:
4.7 – Q Second Character
The edit string character Q (uppercase letter Q) displays one
digit for the number of seconds in a time value in the edited
value. You should repeat this character twice within an edit
string.
CDO Edit PP":"QQ"."**
String:
Field Value: 23 minutes 13.56 seconds
Edited 23:13.56
Value:
4.8 – R Twenty-Four Hour Mode Character
The edit string character R (uppercase letter R) displays one
digit of the hour, in 24-hour mode, in the edited value. You
should repeat this character twice within an edit string.
Do not use this character in edit strings containing the H
character (12-Hour mode) character.
CDO Edit RR":"PP
String:
Field Value: 2:30 p.m.
Edited 14:30
Value:
4.9 – W Weekday Name Character
The edit string character W (uppercase letter W) displays a
letter from the day of week in a time value into the edited
value.
CDO Edit WWWWWWWWW
String:
DTR Edit WWWWWWWWW
String:
Field Value: June 3, 1987
Edited WEDNESDAY
Value:
You can use the repeat count edit string character to indicate
that you want to repeat the edit string character W a certain
number of times. The following two edit strings are equivalent.
WWWWWWWWW
W(9)
4.10 – Y Year Character
The edit string character Y (uppercase letter Y) displays a digit
of the year in a time value into the edited value. You should
repeat this character either two or four times in an edit string.
CDO Edit MMM" "DD" "YY
String:
DTR Edit MMMBDDBYY
String:
Field Value: May 4, '85
Edited MAY 04 85
Value:
The CDO edit string can also contain four Y characters.
CDO Edit MMM" "DD" "YYYY
String:
DTR Edit MMMBDDBYYYY
String:
Field Value: May 4, 1985
Edited MAY 04 1985
Value:
4.11 – % AM/PM Character
The edit string character % (a percent sign) displays a character
from one of the strings AM or PM in the edited value. You should
repeat this character twice within an edit string.
The edit string character % is most useful when used with the
edit string character H (twelve-hour mode character) and when
placed at the end of the edit string.
CDO Edit HH":"PP" "%%
String:
Field Value: 11:30 a.m.
Edited 11:30 AM
Value:
4.12 – * Fraction Second Character
The edit string character * (an asterisk) displays a value for
fractions of a second within a time field in the edited value.
Repeat this character twice within an edit string to denote
hundredths of a second.
CDO Edit MM":"QQ"."**
String:
Field Value: 23 minutes 13.56 seconds
Edited 23:13.56
Value:
5 – Decimal Point Character
The edit string decimal point character . (a period) inserts a
period into the edited value. You can use this character only
once within an edit string for numeric fields.
CDO Edit 99.99
String:
DTR Edit 99.99
String:
Field Value: 2813E-2
Edited 28.13
Value:
6 – Digit Characters
You can represent hexadecimal (F), octal (7), and decimal (9)
digits in edit strings.
6.1 – F Hexadecimal Digit Character
The edit string character F (uppercase letter F) displays one
hexadecimal digit in the edited value.
Do not use the hexadecimal digital character (F) within an
edit string containing the octal character (7) or the decimal
character (9).
CDO Edit FFF
String:
Field Value: 32
Edited 020
Value:
6.2 – 7 Octal Digit Character
The edit string character 7 (the number seven) displays one octal
digit in the edited value.
Do not use the octal digit character (7) within an edit string
containing the hexadecimal character (F) or the decimal character
(9).
CDO Edit 777
String:
Field Value: 32
Edited 040
Value:
6.3 – 9 Decimal Digit Character
The edit string character 9 (the number nine) displays one
decimal digit in the edited value.
Do not use the decimal digit character (9) within an edit string
containing the hexadecimal character (F) or the octal character
(7).
CDO Edit 999
String:
DTR Edit 999
String:
Field Value: 613
Edited 613
Value:
7 – Encoded Sign Characters
The encoded sign edit string characters are the encoded minus
edit string character (C), the encoded sign edit string character
(G), and the encoded plus edit string character (K).
7.1 – C Encoded Minus Character
If the field's value is negative, the encoded minus character C
(uppercase letter C) overwrites the next digit with a minus sign
(-), then moves the encoded digit to the edit string.
If the field's value is positive or zero, this character moves
the next digit into the edited string.
Use this character only at the beginning or end of a string.
An edit string can contain only one character designating a sign.
Do not use this character within an edit string that contains
other characters designating a sign.
See the reference manual for the language or product that will
interpret the edit string to determine how the language or
product interprets encoded sign characters.
CDO Edit C99
String:
PL/I Picture R99
Clause:
Field Value: -456
Edited M56
Value:
7.2 – G Encoded Sign Character
If the field's value is positive, the encoded sign character G
(uppercase letter G) overwrites the next digit with a plus sign
(+), then moves the encoded digit to the edit string.
If the field's value is negative, the encoded sign character (G)
overwrites the next digit with a minus sign (-), then moves the
encoded digit to the edit string.
If the field's value is zero, the action of this character
depends on the language.
Use this character only at the beginning or end of a string.
An edit string can contain only one character designating a sign.
Do not use this character within an edit string that contains
other characters designating a sign.
See the reference manual for the language or product that will
interpret the edit string to determine how the language or
product interprets encoded sign characters.
CDO Edit G99
String:
PL/I Picture T99
Clause:
Field Value: +123
Edited A23
Value:
7.3 – K Encoded Plus Character
If the field's value is positive, the encoded plus character K
(uppercase letter K) overwrites the next digit with a plus sign
(+), then moves the encoded plus digit to the edit string.
If the field's value is negative or zero, the encoded plus
character (K) moves the next digit into the edited string.
Use this character only at the beginning or end of a string.
An edit string can contain only one character designating a sign.
Do not use this character within an edit string that contains
other characters designating a sign.
See the reference manual for the language or product that will
interpret the edit string to determine how the language or
product interprets encoded plus characters.
CDO Edit K99
String:
PL/I Picture I99
Clause:
Field Value: +123
Edited A23
Value:
8 – Exponent Character
The edit string character E (uppercase letter E) divides an edit
string into two parts for floating-point or scientific notation.
The first part is the characteristic and mantissa edit string and
the second part is the exponent edit string.
CDO Edit S99ES99
String:
DTR Edit +99E+99
String:
Field Value: 1200
Edited +12E+02
Value:
9 – Floating Characters
There are six edit string floating characters: S, Z, -, +, $, and
\.
9.1 – S Floating Sign Character
If you use the edit string character S (uppercase letter S) only
once within an edit string, one of the following results can
occur:
o If the field's value is positive, the character S inserts a
plus sign (+) into the edited value.
CDO Edit S9
String:
DTR Edit +9
String:
Field Value: 6
Edited +6
Value:
o If the field's value is negative, the floating sign character
inserts a minus sign (-) into the edited value.
CDO Edit S9
String:
DTR Edit +9
String:
Field Value: -8
Edited -8
Value:
o If the field's value is zero, the effect of the floating sign
character depends on the language reading the field.
CDO Edit S9
String:
DTR Edit +9
String:
Field Value: 0
Edited +0
Value:
If you use more than one floating sign character at the
beginning of an edit string, the S character suppresses
leading zeros before inserting a plus sign (+) or minus sign
(-) into the edited value.
CDO Edit SS99
String:
DTR Edit ++99
String:
Field Value: 0054
Edited +54
Value:
You cannot use the S character within an edit string that
contains another character designating a sign.
9.2 – Z Floating Zero Replace Character
If the digit within the field's value is zero, the floating zero
replace character Z (uppercase letter Z) displays a literal value
instead of the zero digit in the edited string.
If the digit within the field's value is not zero, the floating
zero replace character displays the digit.
CDO Edit Z" "99
String:
DTR Edit Z99
String:
Field Value: 25
Edited 25
Value:
The following example also shows the floating zero replace
character.
CDO Edit Z"*"99
String:
DTR Edit *99
String:
Field Value: 25
Edited *25
Value:
Translation of Characters in Floating Zero Replace Edit Strings
shows how CDO translates individual CDO characters in floating
zero replace edit strings for other languages.
Table 6-2 Translation of Characters in Floating Zero Replace Edit
Strings
CDO RPG
Z String Character COBOL DTR PL/I EDIT
Format in String PICTURE EDIT PICTURE WORD
Z"string" blank Z Z Z or Y 0
* * * * *
any other * * * *
character
See the PL/I documentation for an explanation of when the CDO
blank character is translated to Z and when it is translated to
Y.
You cannot use the Z character within an edit string that
contains another character designating a sign.
9.3 – - Floating Minus Character
If you use the edit string floating minus character, a minus
sign (-), only once within an edit string, one of the following
results can occur:
o If the field's value is positive, the floating minus character
inserts a blank into the edited value.
o If the field's value is negative, the floating minus character
inserts a minus sign into the edited value.
o If the field's value is zero, the effect of the floating minus
character depends on the language reading the field. If you
use this character a number of times at the beginning of an
edit string, the character suppresses leading zeros before
inserting a blank or minus sign into the edited value.
You cannot use the minus character within an edit string that
contains another character designating a sign.
For a nonnumeric field, this character moves a minus sign into
the edited value.
CDO Edit -9
String:
DTR Edit -9
String:
Field Value: -54
Edited -54
Value:
9.4 – + Floating Plus Character
If you use the edit string floating plus character, a plus
sign (+), only once within an edit string, one of the following
results can occur:
o If the field's value is positive, the floating plus character
inserts a plus sign into the edited value.
o If the field's value is negative, the floating plus character
inserts a blank into the edited value.
o If the field's value is zero, the effect of the floating plus
character depends on the language reading the field. If you
use this character a number of times at the beginning of an
edit string, the character suppresses leading zeros before
inserting a blank or plus sign into the edited value.
You cannot use this character within an edit string that contains
another character designating a sign.
CDO Edit +++9
String:
DTR Edit +++9
String:
Field Value: 54
Edited +54
Value:
9.5 – $ Floating Currency Character
If you use the floating currency character only once, it inserts
the dollar sign ($) in the next character position in the edited
value.
If you supply the floating currency character more than once at
the beginning of an edit string, it suppresses leading zeros.
To suppress up to four leading zeros, supply the character four
times at the beginning of the edit string.
The floating currency character inserts the currency sign to the
left of the first printed digit of the edited value.
CDO Edit $,$$$.99
String:
DTR Edit $,$$$.99
String:
Field Value: 157.86
Edited $157.86
Value:
9.6 – \ : Floating Blank Character
The floating blank character, a backslash (\), suppresses blanks
from an edited value. If the value of the character is a blank,
the edited value excludes it.
CDO Edit MMM\\\\\,YYYY
String:
Field Value: June 15, 1982
Edited JUNE,1982
Value:
10 – Literal Characters
A pair of double quotation marks (" ") are the edit string
literal characters. Any character string enclosed by double
quotation marks in an edit string is inserted into the edited
value.
CDO Edit 99" ""Hours"
String:
DTR Edit 99B'Hours'
String:
Field Value: 40
Edited 40 Hours
Value:
Translation of CDO Literal Edit Strings shows how CDO translates
CDO literal edit strings for other languages. In the table, <i>
means that the language does not support the CDO character, and
the character is ignored for the language.
If the character appears in an edit string with other characters
that can be translated, CDO will perform the appropriate
translation for the other edit string characters. If CDO
characters other than a blank, 0, /, or % occur in a string,
CDO passes those characters to DIGITAL DATATRIEVE and RPG without
performing a translation.
If a CDO edit string consists of only a 0, /, %, or a blank, then
CDO performs the appropriate translation as shown in the first
four lines of the table. The last line of the table shows how CDO
translates any other edit string for each language. For example,
CDO translates the CDO edit string "sample string" to 'sample
string' for DIGITAL DATATRIEVE.
Note that the initial blank character in the CDO edit string does
not become a B in DIGITAL DATATRIEVE except when the blank is
the only character in the edit string. CDO translates characters
from the first four lines of the table differently depending on
whether or not they are the only characters in an edit string.
Table 6-3 Translation of CDO Literal Edit Strings
Literal RPG
String CDO COBOL DTR PL/I EDIT
Format String PICTURE EDIT PICTURE WORD
"string" Blank B B B &
0 0 0 <i> 0
/ / / / /
% <i> % <i> %
Any <i> 'string'<i> string
other
string
11 – Logical Character
The edit string character B (uppercase letter B) is the logical
character. It displays logical fields as either TRUE or FALSE.
CDO Edit BBBBB
String:
Field Value: 0
Edited FALSE
Value:
12 – Lowercase Character
The edit string character L (uppercase letter L) prints any
remaining alphabetic characters in a field's value in lowercase.
CDO Edit LMMM" "DD
String:
Field Value: November 12th
Edited nov 12
Value:
13 – Minus Literal Character
The minus literal character & (an ampersand) replaces a negative
sign in a field's value with a literal you supply. If the field's
value is positive, this character moves a blank to the string
instead of the literal you supply.
Do not use this character within an edit string that contains
another character designating a sign.
CDO Edit 99&"CR"
String:
DTR Edit 99CR
String:
Field Value: -15
Edited 15CR
Value:
Translation of CDO Minus Literal Edit Strings shows how CDO
translates CDO minus literal edit strings for other languages.
If CDO characters other than CR or DB appear in a string,
CDO translates the string as a hyphen (-) for COBOL, DIGITAL
DATATRIEVE, and PL/I. CDO passes any CDO character to RPG without
performing a translation.
Table 6-4 Translation of CDO Minus Literal Edit Strings
Minus
Literal RPG
String CDO COBOL DTR PL/I EDIT
Format String PICTURE EDIT PICTURE WORD
&"string" CR CR CR CR CR
DB DB DB DB DB
Any - - - string
other
string
14 – Minus Parentheses Character
The edit string character (( )) (double opening and closing
parentheses characters) is the minus parentheses character. It
encloses negative values in parentheses.
CDO Edit ((999))
String:
DTR Edit ((999))
String:
Field Value: -678
Edited (678)
Value:
15 – Missing Separator Character
The edit string character ? (a question mark) is the missing
separator character. If the field has a missing value attribute
or relationship, this character separates two edit strings. If
the field value is not the missing value, the first edit string
controls the output of the field. If the contents of the field
contain the missing value, the second edit string controls the
output of the field.
CDO Edit 999?"Unknown"
String:
DTR Edit 999?'Unknown'
String:
Field Value: missing value
Edited Unknown
Value:
16 – Repeat Count Character
The edit string character x(n) is the repeat count character.
Replace x with the character that you want to repeat in an edit
string. Replace n with a positive integer that indicates the
number of times you want to repeat the character designated by x.
CDO Edit W(9)
String:
DTR Edit W(9)
String:
Field Value: June 3, 1987
Edited WEDNESDAY
Value:
17 – Uppercase Character
The edit string character U (uppercase letter U) prints any
remaining alphabetic characters in a field's value in uppercase.
The following example shows a CDO edit string containing the U
character, the field value, and the edited value that would be
produced if a product supported these characters:
CDO Edit UA(20)
String:
Field Value: Jones
Edited JONES
Value:
18 – Japanese Edit Strings
Oracle CDD/Repository supports edit string syntax that provides
characters for DIGITAL VAX COBOL to handle Japanese edit strings
in the PICTURE clause. Japanese edit string support is available
in Oracle CDD/Repository Version 6.1 and later. When you specify
N or B for an edit string, enclose it between square brackets
([ ]).
Do not use these edit string characters for Oracle CDD/Repository
field definitions that will be used from DIGITAL DEC COBOL.