This section contains some basic examples that illustrate what SCA can do to help you with your programs. The examples have very little explanation. If you want a more detailed explanation of the underlying concepts, see the Basic_Query_Concepts help topic. The remainder of this section is written in terms that are specific to FORTRAN programs. If you want to follow along and try the examples, you will need to have an SCA library available. If you do not know how to create an SCA library, read the Building_An_SCA_Library help topic. The examples use generic variable names (such as i). You will have to substitute variable names that actually exist in your code when trying the examples. The first example is the easiest query: It lets you find all the items in your SCA library named i, and shows you all the places where they appear (all occurrences of i). FIND i characters (for example, FIND i*). Now let's say you are looking for an occurrence, and you know that it occurs in a particular file. The following query finds all occurrences of items that are named i but will then limit them to those which happen to occur in the file named 'PROG.FOR'. FIND i AND FILE_SPEC="PROG.FOR" Another typical question one might ask is "Find all the places where this item is assigned to (or read from, called, declared, and so forth)." The next example finds all occurrences of items that are named i, but then limits them to only those occurrences where i is assigned a value. FIND i AND OCCURRENCE=WRITE (SCA understands many occurrence classes other then WRITE. See the help subtopics under Getting_Started for tables containing all the SCA attributes and their corresponding meanings in FORTRAN.) Often, you only want to know where (in what file or module) a particular subroutine is, so that you can go to it and edit it. You could use the first query (where i would be the name of the subroutine) and then look through the output. The output would include all occurrences of the subroutine, one of which would be its definition, which you could then select. Or, you could ask SCA to limit the search for you by typing the following query: FIND i AND OCCURRENCE=PRIMARY In SCA terms, a primary declaration is the most significant declaration of an item. For a FORTRAN subroutine, this is where the actual SUBROUTINE statement is. This is in contrast to a FORTRAN EXTERNAL declaration, which in SCA terms is an associated declaration. The FORTRAN compiler also creates implicit associated declarations for any undeclared functions. Another problem you might have is that there are many different items in your system having a given name. Some may be variables; others may be subroutines, PARAMETER constants, and so forth. Suppose you want to find only the subroutines named i. Again, the query FIND i would give you what you wanted, but it would also give you much more. It is preferable to issue the following query: FIND i AND SYMBOL_CLASS=SUBROUTINE The last four examples have all selected information based on two attributes. The last example selected information based on a name attribute (in this case, i) and a symbol class attribute (in this case, SUBROUTINE). Note how the attributes are combined using the boolean operator AND. In general, you can select items out of your library based on any combination of attributes, using AND as well as the other logical operators OR, XOR and NOT. The next example shows another primary feature of SCA - the ability to display relationships between items. The example given here shows the most common use of this feature. It finds the complete call tree (that is, all subroutines called directly and indirectly), of the subroutine named i. FIND CALLED_BY (I, DEPTH=ALL) If you want to limit the depth of the call tree, you can replace the keyword ALL by any positive integer. The final part of this section describes how to go directly to the source code once you have issued a query. After issuing the query FIND i, for example, you can have an LSE query buffer containing something that looks like the following: I variable FORTRAN_MODULE\60 variable declaration FORTRAN_MODULE\75 write reference FORTRAN_MODULE\79 read reference FORTRAN_MODULE\95 address reference FORTRAN_MODULE\122 read reference FORTRAN_MODULE\144 write reference FORTRAN_MODULE\146 read reference FORTRAN_MODULE\149 write reference FORTRAN_MODULE\149 read reference FORTRAN_MODULE\150 address reference FORTRAN_MODULE\166 read reference The first two lines of this display will be highlighted. The first line represents the item you looked for (I), and the rest of the lines represent the different places in the code where this item occurred (that is, the occurrences of I). By using the up and down arrows on your keyboard, or by clicking on an occurrence with your mouse, you can choose the occurrence you want to see. Then all you have to do is type CTRL/G (the keyboard equivalent of the GOTO SOURCE command), and LSE will bring the source file into a buffer and position you at the occurrence you chose. To obtain help on the following topics, request help as indicated. o For help on query language, see the Basic_Query_Concepts help topic. o For help on libraries, see the Building_An_SCA_Library help topic.