Specifies the following behavior: o The same dialect rules as SQL92 are in effect minus reserved word checking and the DATE ANSI format. o The ORACLE LEVEL1 dialect allows the use of aliases to reference (or link) to tables in data manipulation statements like SELECT, DELETE, INSERT, and UPDATE. For example: SQL> ATTACH 'ALIAS pers_alias FILENAME mf_personnel'; SQL> SET DIALECT 'ORACLE LEVEL1'; SQL> SELECT * FROM employees@pers_alias cont> WHERE employee_id = '00164'; EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME FIRST_NAME MIDDLE_INITIAL ADDRESS_DATA_1 ADDRESS_DATA_2 CITY STATE POSTAL_CODE SEX BIRTHDAY STATUS_CODE 00164 Toliver Alvin A 146 Parnell Place Chocorua NH 03817 M 28-Mar-1947 1 1 row selected Alias references are only allowed on the table name and not on column names. You cannot put a space between the table name, the at (@) sign, and the alias name. If you specify a schema name when referencing an Oracle Rdb database, the schema name is ignored unless the multischema attribute is on. o The following basic predicate for inequality comparisons is supported: != The != basic predicate requires that the ORACLE LEVEL1 dialect be set to avoid confusion with the interactive SQL comment character. o When using dynamic SQL, the client application can specify a synonym for the parameter marker (?). For example, :name, :1, :2, and so on. o The string concatenation operator and the CONCAT function treat nulls as zero-length strings. o The default date format is DATE VMS which is capable of doing arithmetic in the ORACLE LEVEL1 dialect only. Addition and subtraction can be done with numeric data types that are implicitly cast to the INTERVAL DAY data type. Fractions are rounded to the nearest whole integer. o Zero length strings are null. When using an Oracle RDBMS database, a VARCHAR of zero length is considered null. While the Oracle Rdb ORACLE LEVEL1 dialect does not remove zero length strings from the database, it does make them difficult to create. The following rules are in effect: - Empty literal strings (for example, '') are considered literal nulls. - Any function that encounters a zero length string returns a null in its place. This includes stored and external functions returning a VARCHAR data type regardless of the dialect under which they were compiled. It also includes the TRIM and SUBSTRING built-in functions. - Parameters with the VARCHAR data type and a length of zero are treated as null. The best way to avoid zero length strings from being seen by an Oracle RDBMS application is to only use views compiled under the ORACLE dialects and to modify tables with VARCHAR columns to remove zero length strings. The following example shows how to remove zero length strings from a VARCHAR column in a table: SQL> UPDATE tab1 SET col1 = NULL WHERE CHARACTER_LENGTH(col1) = 0; If modifying the table is not possible or if a view compiled in another dialect containing VARCHAR functions must be used, then create a new view under the ORACLE dialect referring to that table or view to avoid the zero length VARCHAR string. The following example shows how to avoid selecting zero length strings from a VARCHAR column in a table or non-Oracle dialect view: SQL> SET DIALECT 'ORACLE LEVEL1'; SQL> CREATE VIEW view1 (col1, col2) cont> AS SELECT SUBSTRING(col1 FROM 1 FOR 2000), col2 FROM tab1; The Oracle Rdb optimizer is more efficient if data is selected without the use of functions. Therefore, the previous example is best used only if you suspect zero length strings have been inserted into the table and it is necessary to avoid them. o The ROWNUM keyword is allowed in select expressions and limits the number of rows returned in the query. The following example limits the number of rows returned by the SELECT statement to 9 rows: SQL> ATTACH 'FILENAME mf_personnel'; SQL> SET DIALECT 'ORACLE LEVEL1'; SQL> SELECT last_name FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE ROWNUM < 10; LAST_NAME Toliver Smith Dietrich Kilpatrick Nash Gray Wood D'Amico Peters 9 rows selected Conditions testing for ROWNUM values greater than or equal to a positive integer are always false and, therefore, return no rows. For example: SQL> SELECT last_name FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE ROWNUM > 10; 0 rows selected SQL> SELECT last_name FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE ROWNUM = 10; 0 rows selected